Guide
Complete Guide to Income Tax in India for FY 2025–26
Every salaried employee in India faces the same question each financial year: should I choose the New Tax Regime or stick with the Old Regime? The answer depends entirely on your salary structure, the deductions you claim, and how much rent or home loan interest you pay. This guide breaks down everything you need to know, and the Artha calculator above lets you compare both regimes instantly using your own numbers.
New Regime vs Old Regime — Which Should You Choose?
The New Tax Regime, introduced as the default option from FY 2023–24 onward, offers lower tax slabs but removes most deductions like 80C, HRA exemption, and home loan interest benefits. For FY 2025–26, the New Regime slabs are: nil tax up to ₹4 lakh, 5% from ₹4–8 lakh, 10% from ₹8–12 lakh, 15% from ₹12–16 lakh, 20% from ₹16–20 lakh, 25% from ₹20–24 lakh, and 30% above ₹24 lakh. A standard deduction of ₹75,000 applies automatically.
The Old Regime retains the traditional slabs — nil up to ₹2.5 lakh, 5% from ₹2.5–5 lakh, 20% from ₹5–10 lakh, and 30% above ₹10 lakh — but allows deductions under Section 80C (up to ₹1.5 lakh for EPF, ELSS, PPF, life insurance), Section 80D (health insurance premiums), HRA exemption for those paying rent, and Section 24 home loan interest (up to ₹2 lakh).
As a general rule: if your total eligible deductions are below roughly ₹3.75 lakh per year, the New Regime usually works out cheaper. If you have a home loan, pay significant rent, and max out your 80C investments, the Old Regime can still save you more. There is no universal answer — it depends on your specific numbers, which is exactly what this calculator is built to show you.
Section 87A Rebate — Is Your Income Tax-Free?
Under Section 87A, if your taxable income after deductions is ₹12 lakh or below in the New Regime, your tax liability becomes zero. This means a gross salary of approximately ₹12.75 lakh per year (after the ₹75,000 standard deduction) is effectively tax-free. Under the Old Regime, this rebate threshold is lower — taxable income up to ₹5 lakh attracts zero tax.
How HRA Exemption Works
House Rent Allowance exemption, available only under the Old Regime, is calculated as the lowest of three values: the actual HRA received from your employer, the rent you pay minus 10% of your basic salary, or 50% of basic salary if you live in a metro city (Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai) or 40% for non-metro cities like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, or Pune. Many people overestimate their HRA exemption by assuming all major cities qualify for the 50% metro rate — they don't.
Understanding TDS and Your ITR Refund
Your employer deducts Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) every month based on your declared salary structure and investment proofs. At the end of the financial year, your actual tax liability is calculated using your real income, deductions, and any variable pay or bonuses received. If the TDS deducted exceeds your actual liability, you're entitled to a refund when you file your Income Tax Return (ITR). If it falls short — common when bonuses or variable pay push you into a higher slab — you'll need to pay the balance via self-assessment tax before filing.
Why We Built Artha
Most online tax calculators only handle simple salary structures and ignore real-world complications like mid-year increments, variable pay taxed separately, surcharge on high incomes, or capital gains tax on your investments. Artha was built to handle the actual complexity Indian salaried employees deal with — split-year salary changes, marginal relief, LTCG on equity, EPF double-counting checks, and a full 10-year wealth projection that accounts for EMI payoff schedules and SIP growth. All calculations run entirely in your browser; nothing you enter is ever sent to a server.
Disclaimer: This guide and the Artha calculator provide estimates based on publicly available tax rules for FY 2025–26 and are intended for informational purposes only. They do not constitute financial or tax advice. Please consult a qualified Chartered Accountant before filing your ITR.